List of specifications

LNP/BP stands for "Bitcoin Protocol / Lightning Network Protocol". This set of specifications covers standards & best practices for Layer 2, 3 solutions (and above) in cases when they do not require soft- or hard-forks on the Bitcoin blockchain level and are not directly related to issues covered in Lightning Network RFCs (BOLTs).
Basically, LNP/BPs cover everything that can be anchored to Bitcoin transactions, defines primitives for L2+ solution design and describes complex use cases which can be built from some primitives. This allows such solutions as financial assets, storage, messaging, computing and different forms of secondary markets leveraging Bitcoin security model and Bitcoin as a method of payment/medium of exchange.
Criteria for a LNP/BP specification proposal:
Should not be covered by existing or proposed BIPs
Should not cause soft- or hard-fork in Bitcoin blockchain (but may depend on
soft-forks from an existing BIP proposals)
Should not distort Bitcoin miner's economic incentives
Should not pollute Bitcoin blockchain with unnecessary non-transaction related
data or have to maintain such pollution as low as possible
Must not require a utility or security tokens to function (but may enable
creation of digital assets or tokenized physical goods)
Must not depend on non-bitcoin blockchains (but may be applicable to other
blockchains)
List of current LNP/BP proposals
No
Layer
Vertical
Title
Authors
Type
Status
​1​
Transaction (1)
Bitcoin protocol
Key tweaking: collision-resistant elliptic curve-based commitments
Maxim Orlovsky et al
Standard
Proposal
​2​
Transaction (1)
Bitcoin protocol
Deterministic embedding of cryptographic commitments into transaction output scriptPubkey
Maxim Orlovsky et al
Standard
Proposal
​3​
Transaction (1)
Bitcoin protocol
Deterministic definition of transaction output containing cryptographic commitment
Giacomo Zucco et al
Standard
Proposal
​4​
Client-validated data (3)
Cryptographic primitives
Multi-message commitment scheme with zero-knowledge provable unique properties
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Proposal
​5​
Transaction graph (2)
Bitcoin protocol
Universal short Bitcoin identifiers for blocks, transactions and their inputs & outputs
Christian Decker et al
Standard
Proposal
6
Transaction (1)
Bitcoin protocol
Deterministic bitcoin commitments
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
7
Client-validated data (3)
Consensus layer
Strict encoding
Peter Todd, Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
​8​
Client-validated data (3)
Cryptographic primitives
Single-use-seals
Peter Todd, Maxim Orlovsky
Informational
Draft
​9​
Client-validated data (3)
Consensus layer
Client-side validation
Peter Todd, Maxim Orlovsky
Informational
Draft
10
Transaction graph (2)
Bitcoin protocol
Bitcoin transaction output-based single-use-seals with pay-to-contract commitments
Peter Todd et al
Standard
Proposal
​11​
Client-validated graphs (4)
Smart contracts
RGB: Client-validated confidential smart contracts using bitcoin transaction graphs for Bitcoin and Lightning Network
Maxim Orlovsky et al
Informational
Proposal
12
Client-validated graphs (4)
Consensus layer
RGB Schema: client-side validation rules for RGB smart contracts
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
13
Client-validated graphs (4)
Consensus layer
RGB client-side verification and data serialization
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
14
Client-validated data (3)
Smart contracts
Bech32 encoding for client-validated data
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
​15​
OSI Session (i5)
Internet2
Handshake and encryption in network communications based on Noise_XK (BOLT-8 extract)
Multiple peers
Standard
Proposal
16
OSI Session (i5)
Internet2
LNP handshake over WebSockets
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
17
OSI Session (i5)
Internet2
LNP handshake over ZMQ sockets
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
​18​
OSI Transport (i4)
Internet2
Native message framing protocol (BOLT-8 extract)
Multiple peers
Standard
Planned
​19​
OSI Presentation (i6)
Internet2
ZMQ-based RPC and ESB protocols for microservices
Multiple peers
Standard
Planned
​20​
Application (5)
Smart contracts
RGB fungible assets schema (RGB-20)
Multiple peers
Standard
Final
​21​
Application (5)
Smart contracts
RGB schema for NFTs representing ownership rights (RGB-21)
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Proposal
​22​
Application (5)
Smart contracts
RGB reputation and identity schema (RGB-22)
Maxim Orlovsky, Sabina Sachtachtinskagia
Standard
Draft
23
Application (5)
Smart contracts
RGB verifiable-unique history log for auditable data (RGB-23)
Maxim Orlovsky, Giacomo Zucco
Standard
Planned
24
Application (5)
Smart contracts
RGB-24 schema for decentralized global name system (DGNS)
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
30
Application (5)
Smart contracts
RGB-wrapped native blockchain assets schema (RGB-30)
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
25-29, 31
Reserved
​
For the future use by RGB schemata
​
​
​
​32​
Application (5)
Bitcoin
BIP-32 derivation path extension for read-only wallets
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
​33​
Client-validated data (3)
Lightning network protocol
Lightspeed: micro-payments for Lightning Network
Maxim Orlovsky
Draft
​
​34​
Client-validated data (3)
Cryptographic primitives
Zero-knowledge arguments for data persistence using probabilistic checkable proofs
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
​35​
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Bifrost: LN message extensions for RGB data propagation
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
​36​
OSI Presentation (i6)
API
Recommendations for API design
Maxim Orlovsky
Informational
Draft
​37​
Application (5)
Smart contracts
Invoicing formats for RGB-20 fungible assets schema
Alekos Filini
Standard
Rejected
​38​
Application (5)
Smart contracts
Universal LNP/BP invoices supporting Bitcoin, LN & RGB
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
​39​
Transaction graph (2)
Bitcoin protocol
Bitcoin transaction output-based single-use-seals with sign-to-contract commitments
Maxim Orlovsky et al
Standard
Planned
​40​
Transaction graph (2)
State channels
Storm: trustless storage with escrow contracts
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
41
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Lightning network message extensions for Storm
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
​42​
OSI Application (i7)
Internet2
Uniform encoding for internet2 addresses
Maxim Orlovsky
Draft
​
​43​
Application (5)
Smart contracts
RGB-enabled BIP43 purpose field & identity system
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
​44​
Application (5)
Smart contracts
Script templating: BIP-32 & LNPBP-43 key derivations within for non-miniscript-compatible Bitcoin scripts
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
45
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Lightning network message extensions for decentralized exchange functionality
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
​46​
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Channel funding with RGB assets
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
47
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Multipeer lightning channels
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
48
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Bilateral channel funding
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
49
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Synchronized multi-hop state updates via delegation in Lightning network
Maxim Orlovsky, Christian Decker
Standard
Planned
50
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Channel transaction structure negotiation using PSBTs (generalized LN)
Maxim Orlovsky, Christian Decker
Standard
Planned
51
OSI Application (i7)
Lightning network protocol
Decentralized naming & name resolution system
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
52-57
Reserved
​
For the future use by lightning network protocol extensions
​
​
​
​58​
Client-validated data (3)
Cryptographic primitives
Apophis: distributed elliptic curve-based key creation with shared secrets
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
​59​
Transaction graph (2)
Bitcoin protocol
Typhon: trustless Bitcoin sidechains
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
​60​
Client-validated data (3)
Game theory
Ibiss: incentive-based interactive anonymous settlement scheme for computation integrity arguments
Maxim Orlovsky, Sabina Sachtachtinskagia
Informational
Draft
​61​
Client-validated data (3)
Game theory
Toth: incentive-based interactive settlement scheme for computation integrity arguments with reputation
Maxim Orlovsky, Sabina Sachtachtinskagia
Informational
Draft
​62​
Transaction graph (2)
Smart contracts
Prometheus: trustless multiparty computing with escrow & arbitration using Ibiss protocol on bitcoin blockchain
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
63
Application (5)
Smart contracts
Prometheus+: trustless multiparty computing with escrow & arbitration using Ibiss2 protocol over LN with tokenized RGB reputation
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
64-79
Reserved
​
For the future use by lightning network protocol extensions
​
​
​
​80​
Client-validated data (3)
Cryptographic primitives
Merkle mountain ranges
Peter Todd
Standard
Final
81
Client-validated data (3)
Cryptographic primitives
Tagged merkle trees for client-side-validation
Maxim Orlovsky, Peter Todd
Standard
Draft
82
Transaction (1)
Bitcoin protocol
OpenTimestamps bitcoin transaction commitments
Peter Todd
Standard
Final
83
Client-validated graphs (4)
Smart contracts
OpenTimestamps proof construction & verification
Peter Todd
Standard
Final
83
Application (5)
Smart contracts
OpenTimestamps proof serialization
Peter Todd
Standard
Final
84
Application (5)
Smart contracts
OpenTimestamps calendar and attestation services
Peter Todd
Standard
Final
​85​
Client-validated data (3)
Consensus layer
Strict encoding of Bitcoin-related data types
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
​86​
Client-validated data (3)
Smart contracts
AluVM: virtual machine for client-side-validation
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Draft
87
Client-validated data (3)
Smart contracts
AluVM extended instructions for handling RGB state validation
Maxim Orlovsky
Standard
Planned
100
Transaction graph (2)
Bitcoin protocol
Scalable & confidential single-use-seal commitment layer 1
Standard
Brainstorming
​
Invited or planned proposals to join LNP/BP standards family
1.
Discreet log contracts: deterministic transaction structure, embedding into
lightning network, wire protocols
​Specification effort​
​Lightning Discreet Log Contract Channels​
2.
Different pre-Schnorr schemes for scriptless scripts​
3.
Generalized lightning network standartisation and related eltoo and PTLC​
proposals
4.
Micropayments:
​LSAT Authentication and Payments for the Lightning-Native Web 
by Olaoluwa Osuntokun
Layers for LNP/BP proposals:
No
Title
Description
Examples
1
Transaction
Data or protocols defined for a single bitcoin transaction (both off-chain and on-chain)
Cryptographic primitives, advanced multisignature schemes, transaction structure
2
Transaction graph
Data and protocols defined on a transaction graph
Blockchains, sidechains, state channels
3
Client-validated data
Protocols and formats for off-chain data (persistent or ephemeral)
Cryptographic primitives, serialization
4
Client-validated graphs
Protocols and formats for off-chain graph structures
Complex commitment schemes, schemata
5
Application
Specific high-level applications build of underlying layers
Assets, audit, storage, computing, messaging, decentralized exchanges and marketplaces
Additionally to these layers there is a set of network protocol layers organized according to ISO OSI model, with numbers prefixed using i symbol ("complex dimension").
Verticals for LNP/BP proposals:
Name
Description
Examples
Cryptographic primitives
Basic cryptographic functions applied at the level of transactions or client-validated data
Commitment schemes, zero knownledge
Consensus layer
Standards critical for consensus in distributed systems
Data encoding, validation rules
​Internet2​
Standards for end-to-end encrypted censorship-resistant networking communications (Internet2)
Network encryption, decentralized naming systems, network data serialization
Bitcoin protocol
Changes at the level of bitcoin protocol
Commitments in bitcoin transactions, single-use-seals applications to bitcoin, layer 1 enhancements
Lightning network protocol
Changes to lighting-network related standards and state channel mechanics
New types of state channels, new lightning network message types, changes in channel transaction structure
Smart contracts
Distributed smart contract execution environment and VMs
Bitcoin scripts, scriptless scripts, RGB, Simplicity language
Game theory
Game-theoretical setups for trustless protocols
Incentive schemes with bitcoin transactions & RGB smart contracts
Next - Commitment schemes
LNPBP-1: Public keys
Last modified 3mo ago
Export as PDF
Copy link
Contents
List of current LNP/BP proposals
Invited or planned proposals to join LNP/BP standards family
Layers for LNP/BP proposals:
Verticals for LNP/BP proposals: